Balao halfbeak

Balao halfbeak
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Beloniformes
Family: Hemiramphidae
Genus: Hemiramphus
Species: H. balao
Binomial name
Hemiramphus balao
Lesueur, 1821
Synonyms
  • Hemiramphus guineensis Bleeker, 1863
  • Hemiramphus pleii Valenciennes, 1847
  • Hemiramphus vittatus Valenciennes, 1843
  • Hemiramphus macrochirus Poey, 1860

The Balao halfbeak, Hemiramphus balao, (occasionally shortened to Balao) is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Hemiramphidae. It was first described by the French naturalist Charles Alexandre Lesueur in 1821.

Contents

Description

The Halfbeak balao is similar in appearance to its relative, the Ballyhoo (H. brasiliensis). The main difference between the two being that the distance from the nares to the base of the pectoral fin is greater than the length of the Ballyhoo's pectoral fin, while that difference is less than the length of the Balao halfbeak's pectoral fin[1] They have no spines on fins, but do have 11- 15 rays of their dorsal fins and 10 -13 rays on their anal fins.[1] Halfbeak balao have blue-gray skin on their backs,[1] while their undersides are silver or white. The longest recorded Balao halfbeak was 40 cm long.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Balao halfbeak are found only in the Atlantic Ocean. In the west, they are known from New York south to Brazil, including much of the Gulf of Mexico[3] and the Caribbean.[4] In the eastern Atlantic, they are known from the Canary Islands and the Gulf of Guinea from Victoria, Nigeria to Luanda, Angola.[5] Balao halfbeak have also been recorded from Côte d'Ivoire.[6]

Balao halfbeak can form fairly large schools where they feed on smaller fishes and zooplankton.[4] They can be found in both brackish and marine waters and are associated with reefs.[4] Although they are mainly used as baitfish for sailfishes and marlins (they are also preyed upon by the Brown Noddy and the Sooty tern [1]), many are used as food in the West Indies.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Hemiramphus balao" in FishBase. 06 2009 version.
  2. ^ Collette, B.B. 1981 Hemiramphidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic (Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part)). Volume 2. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and FAO. Rome.
  3. ^ Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, USA 354 p.
  4. ^ a b c d Collette, B.B. 1978 Hemiramphidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 2. FAO, Rome.
  5. ^ Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin 1990 Hemiramphidae. p. 579-582. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic" (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.
  6. ^ Diouf, P.S. 1996 "Les peuplements de poissons des milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: L'exemple de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum". Université de Montpellier II. Thèses et Documents Microfiches No.156. ORSTOM, Paris. 267 p.

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